2025 Aggregate Consumer Violations Data for Federal Reserve–Supervised Institutions
The Federal Reserve System is the primary federal regulator for state member banks. Since 2023, Consumer Compliance Outlook (CCO) has been regularly publishing articles analyzing aggregate supervisory data for these banks. The Federal Reserve uses these data to enhance outreach and examiner training, to risk-focus future compliance examinations, and to inform its understanding of areas where supervised institutions face compliance challenges and where consumers are encountering issues with the institutions’ financial services and products.
During 2025, Federal Reserve examiners conducted 97 examinations.1 The table describes the most frequently cited violations in 2025.2
TABLE: Top Consumer Violations in 2025 for State Member Banks
| Provision |
Number of Violations | Percentage of All Violations | |
| 1. | Regulation C (Home Mortgage Disclosure Act), 12 C.F.R. §1003.4(a): Requires a financial institution to collect for reporting specific and accurate data on applications for covered loans it receives, originates, and purchases for each calendar year. | 285 | 45.2 |
| 2. | Regulation BB (Community Reinvestment Act), 12 C.F.R. §228.42(a): Requires a bank to collect and maintain specific data for each small business or small farm loan originated or purchased by the bank. | 38 | 6.0 |
| 3. | Regulation E (Electronic Fund Transfers Act), 12 C.F.R. §1005.11(c): Requires a financial institution to perform an investigation and determine whether an error occurred within 10 business days of receiving a notice of error. | 35 | 5.6 |
| 4. | Federal Trade Commission Act, Section 5(a), 15 U.S.C. §45: Prohibits unfair or deceptive acts or practices in or affecting commerce. | 16 | 2.5 |
| 5. | Regulation E (Electronic Fund Transfers Act), 12 C.F.R. §1005.11(d): Requires a financial institution to respond to a consumer’s notice of error in writing if it determines that no error occurred or that an error occurred in a manner or amount different from that described by the consumer. | 13 | 2.1 |
| 6. (Tie) | Regulation H (Flood Disaster Protection Act), 12 C.F.R. §208.25(i): Requires a bank that makes a loan secured by a property in a special flood hazard area to deliver a notice to the borrower indicating whether flood insurance is available under the Flood Disaster Protection Act. | 12 | 1.9 |
| (Tie) | Regulation CC (Availability of Funds and Collection of Checks), 12 C.F.R. §229.13(g): Requires a financial institution to provide the depositor with a written notice when it extends the time when funds will be available for withdrawal based on the application of an exception. | 12 | 1.9 |
| 8. (Tie) | Regulation B (Equal Credit Opportunity Act), 12 C.F.R. §1002.9(a): Requires a creditor to notify an applicant within 30 days after receiving a completed application concerning the creditor’s approval of, counteroffer to, or adverse action on the application. | 9 | 1.4 |
| (Tie) | Regulation E (Electronic Fund Transfers Act), 12 C.F.R. §1005.9(b): Requires a financial institution to send the consumer a periodic statement for each monthly cycle in which an electronic fund transfer has occurred. | 9 | 1.4 |
| 10. (Tie) | Regulation DD (Truth in Savings), 12 C.F.R. §1030.8(c): Requires a financial institution that states an annual percentage yield in an advertisement to clearly and conspicuously state certain information about the account. | 7 | 1.1 |
| (Tie) | Regulation H (Flood Disaster Protection Act), 12 C.F.R. §208.25(g): Requires a bank that determines that the property securing a loan is not covered by flood insurance to notify the borrower and to force place flood insurance on the property if the borrower fails to obtain flood insurance within 45 days of notification. | 7 | 1.1 |
| (Tie) | Regulation H (Flood Disaster Protection Act), 12 C.F.R. §208.25(c): Prohibits a bank from making a loan secured by a property in a special flood hazard area unless the property is covered by flood insurance for the term of the loan. | 7 | 1.1 |
| Subtotal of Top-Cited Violations | 450 | 71.4 | |
| Total of 2025 Violations | 630 | 100 | |
ENDNOTES
1 The Federal Reserve System examines state member banks using an examination calendar that factors in institution size and risk profile. Therefore, not all state member banks were examined in 2025.
2 For purposes of this table, a violation is a citation of a bank in an examination report by the Federal Reserve for violating the listed provision; the listed numbers do not refer to the number of consumers the violation affected.